Technische specificaties van de servers Onze applicaties bieden we aan in de pakketten 'standard' en 'plus'. De applicatie heeft in beide pakketten steeds exact dezelfde functionaliteit. Het verschil in beide pakketten zit in de hardware specificaties van de server. Upgraden en downgraden Upgraden Wanneer je bij het bestelproces bijvoorbeeld gekozen hebt voor een 'Standard' pakket, dan kan je dit steeds laten upgraden naar een 'Plus' pakket. Dit kan noodzakelijk zijn om bijvoorbeeld meer processor-kracht of meer RAM geheugen kunnen in te zetten, of om de opslagruimte te verhogen. Downgraden Als een server bijvoorbeeld van het 'Standard' naar het 'Plus' pakket wordt geupgrade, dan heb je de keuze om enkel de processor (CPU) en het RAM-geheugen te upgraden, of ook de opslagruimte. Wanneer enkel processor en het RAM-geheugen geupgrade wordt, dan kan in de toekomst steeds een downgrade naar het 'Standard' pakket gebeuren. Wanneer ook de opslagruimte geupgrade werd, dan is een downgrade niet meer mogelijk. Algemene specificaties Onze virtuele machines worden gehost op servers waarbij de processor en het RAM-geheugen gedeeld worden met andere virtuele machines. Op aanvraag is het mogelijk om dedicated vCPU's te gebruiken. Processor : de exacte CPU GHz kan verschillen, maar zal steeds minimaal 2GHz bedragen. Als processor wordt steeds een AMD EPYC 2nd Gen of een Intel® Xeon® Gold gebruikt (1 vCPU = 1 hyper-thread). RAM-geheugen : het geheugen is steeds ECC-geheugen. Opslagruimte : lokale NVMe SSD's op RAID10. IP-adressen : er wordt steeds 1 IPv4 en 1 IPv6 adres voorzien. Extra IPv4 adressen zijn tegen extra kost verkrijgbaar. Extra IPv6 adressen worden kosteloos toegewezen moest dit noodzakelijk zijn. Netwerk : de server is met een redundante verbinding verbonden met het internet. De netwerksnelheid kan wisselen naar gelang de drukte op dat moment van de dag. Specificaties van de servers In dit overzicht vind je een beschrijving van de exacte server specificaties per applicatie en per pakket. Benchmarks Onderstaande benchmarks werden uitgevoerd op een virtuele server met 2 vCPU's en 4 GB RAM-geheugen. Als besturingssysteem gebruikten we Debian 11.3 met Linux kernel 5.10.0-14. Opslagruimte Om benchmarks op de opslagruimte uit te voeren, gebruikte we fio versie 3.25. Write We schreven 2GB (4 jobs van 512MB): sudo fio --name=randwrite --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=1 --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --direct=0 --size=512M --numjobs=4 --runtime=240 --group_reporting Dat gaf dit resultaat: randwrite: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1 ... fio-3.25 Starting 4 processes randwrite: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randwrite: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randwrite: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randwrite: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) Jobs: 4 (f=4): [w(4)][100.0%][w=201MiB/s][w=51.5k IOPS][eta 00m:00s] randwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=738: Tue May 24 09:39:54 2022 write: IOPS=59.0k, BW=234MiB/s (246MB/s)(2048MiB/8742msec); 0 zone resets slat (usec): min=2, max=45198, avg=60.91, stdev=1030.00 clat (nsec): min=678, max=12025k, avg=1918.96, stdev=45729.60 lat (usec): min=3, max=45232, avg=63.07, stdev=1031.60 clat percentiles (nsec): | 1.00th=[ 700], 5.00th=[ 708], 10.00th=[ 732], 20.00th=[ 844], | 30.00th=[ 892], 40.00th=[ 1020], 50.00th=[ 1224], 60.00th=[ 1496], | 70.00th=[ 1784], 80.00th=[ 1960], 90.00th=[ 2128], 95.00th=[ 2512], | 99.00th=[ 4128], 99.50th=[ 8096], 99.90th=[ 43264], 99.95th=[ 71168], | 99.99th=[897024] bw ( KiB/s): min=121592, max=1116624, per=100.00%, avg=250840.24, stdev=59610.23, samples=65 iops : min=30398, max=279155, avg=62709.69, stdev=14902.51, samples=65 lat (nsec) : 750=13.10%, 1000=26.08% lat (usec) : 2=46.14%, 4=13.63%, 10=0.68%, 20=0.18%, 50=0.11% lat (usec) : 100=0.06%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% cpu : usr=4.91%, sys=14.09%, ctx=5271, majf=0, minf=57 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued rwts: total=0,524288,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: bw=234MiB/s (246MB/s), 234MiB/s-234MiB/s (246MB/s-246MB/s), io=2048MiB (2147MB), run=8742-8742msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/126694, merge=0/845, ticks=0/232652, in_queue=232655, util=93.89% Read We lazen 2GB (4 jobs van 512MB): sudo fio --name=randread --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 --rw=randread --bs=4k --direct=0 --size=512M --numjobs=4 --runtime=240 --group_reporting Dat gaf dit resultaat: randread: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16 ... fio-3.25 Starting 4 processes randread: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randread: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randread: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) randread: Laying out IO file (1 file / 512MiB) Jobs: 1 (f=1): [_(3),r(1)][100.0%][r=10.0MiB/s][r=2561 IOPS][eta 00m:00s] randread: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0: pid=748: Tue May 24 09:41:17 2022 read: IOPS=13.8k, BW=54.0MiB/s (56.6MB/s)(2048MiB/37921msec) slat (usec): min=72, max=26831, avg=251.53, stdev=224.41 clat (usec): min=3, max=31309, avg=3850.84, stdev=1376.21 lat (usec): min=122, max=34147, avg=4102.97, stdev=1444.32 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 2278], 5.00th=[ 2474], 10.00th=[ 2638], 20.00th=[ 2868], | 30.00th=[ 3097], 40.00th=[ 3294], 50.00th=[ 3523], 60.00th=[ 3818], | 70.00th=[ 4178], 80.00th=[ 4686], 90.00th=[ 5407], 95.00th=[ 5932], | 99.00th=[ 7832], 99.50th=[10683], 99.90th=[17695], 99.95th=[20055], | 99.99th=[30278] bw ( KiB/s): min=51280, max=74928, per=100.00%, avg=63027.97, stdev=1396.04, samples=267 iops : min=12820, max=18732, avg=15756.93, stdev=348.99, samples=267 lat (usec) : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01% lat (usec) : 1000=0.01% lat (msec) : 2=0.01%, 4=65.45%, 10=33.98%, 20=0.51%, 50=0.05% cpu : usr=2.90%, sys=12.02%, ctx=525101, majf=0, minf=110 IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued rwts: total=524288,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: bw=54.0MiB/s (56.6MB/s), 54.0MiB/s-54.0MiB/s (56.6MB/s-56.6MB/s), io=2048MiB (2147MB), run=37921-37921msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=524118/50, merge=0/17, ticks=117035/17, in_queue=117053, util=99.86% Random read/write sudo fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=random_read_write.fio --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75 Dat gaf dit resultaat: test: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=64 fio-3.25 Starting 1 process test: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4096MiB) Jobs: 1 (f=1): [m(1)][100.0%][r=151MiB/s,w=49.8MiB/s][r=38.6k,w=12.8k IOPS][eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=756: Tue May 24 09:42:30 2022 read: IOPS=36.9k, BW=144MiB/s (151MB/s)(3070MiB/21303msec) bw ( KiB/s): min=119000, max=179816, per=99.98%, avg=147538.93, stdev=13675.43, samples=42 iops : min=29750, max=44954, avg=36884.69, stdev=3418.87, samples=42 write: IOPS=12.3k, BW=48.2MiB/s (50.5MB/s)(1026MiB/21303msec); 0 zone resets bw ( KiB/s): min=39736, max=59872, per=99.99%, avg=49313.76, stdev=4497.26, samples=42 iops : min= 9934, max=14968, avg=12328.38, stdev=1124.17, samples=42 cpu : usr=18.04%, sys=47.15%, ctx=24982, majf=0, minf=7 IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.1%, >=64=100.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.1%, >=64=0.0% issued rwts: total=785920,262656,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=64 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: bw=144MiB/s (151MB/s), 144MiB/s-144MiB/s (151MB/s-151MB/s), io=3070MiB (3219MB), run=21303-21303msec WRITE: bw=48.2MiB/s (50.5MB/s), 48.2MiB/s-48.2MiB/s (50.5MB/s-50.5MB/s), io=1026MiB (1076MB), run=21303-21303msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=778983/260325, merge=0/35, ticks=829618/263407, in_queue=1093033, util=99.67% Netwerk We voerden een speedtest uit vanaf een server in Falkenstein naar een server in Rosenheim (speedtest server ID 37516). speedtest Dat gaf dit resultaat: Testing from Hetzner Online GmbH (168.119.178.2)... Retrieving speedtest.net server list... Retrieving information for the selected server... Hosted by Komro GmbH (Rosenheim) [428.19 km]: 18.881 ms Testing download speed............................................ Download: 1200.87 Mbit/s Testing upload speed.............................................. Upload: 1046.51 Mbit/s Processor We voerden een sysbench test uit met versie 1.0.20. sysbench cpu --threads=2 run Dat gaf dit resultaat: sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3) Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 2 Initializing random number generator from current time Prime numbers limit: 10000 Initializing worker threads... Threads started! CPU speed: events per second: 1807.14 General statistics: total time: 10.0006s total number of events: 18077 Latency (ms): min: 1.04 avg: 1.10 max: 12.67 95th percentile: 1.27 sum: 19974.38 Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 9038.5000/2.50 execution time (avg/stddev): 9.9872/0.00 Geheugen We voerden een sysbench test uit met versie 1.0.20. sysbench memory --threads=2 run Dat gaf dit resultaat: sysbench 1.0.20 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3) Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 2 Initializing random number generator from current time Running memory speed test with the following options: block size: 1KiB total size: 102400MiB operation: write scope: global Initializing worker threads... Threads started! Total operations: 42084784 (4207444.09 per second) 41098.42 MiB transferred (4108.83 MiB/sec) General statistics: total time: 10.0004s total number of events: 42084784 Latency (ms): min: 0.00 avg: 0.00 max: 6.04 95th percentile: 0.00 sum: 13791.29 Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 21042392.0000/15556.00 execution time (avg/stddev): 6.8956/0.01